Yoga, an ancient practice that originated in India, has evolved into numerous styles and disciplines, each offering unique benefits to practitioners. One of the most dynamic and physically demanding forms of yoga is Ashtanga Yoga. Many people who encounter Ashtanga for the first time wonder whether it is truly a part of yoga or a separate discipline. To answer this question comprehensively, it is essential to understand what Ashtanga Yoga is, its historical roots, and how it fits into the broader yoga tradition.
Understanding Ashtanga Yoga
Ashtanga Yoga is a system of yoga that follows a structured sequence of postures combined with breath control (pranayama) and internal locks (bandhas). It is a rigorous and physically intense form of yoga that requires dedication and consistency. The practice was popularized by K. Pattabhi Jois in the 20th century, but its roots trace back to ancient Indian texts and traditions.
The name “Ashtanga” is derived from the Sanskrit words “Ashta” (eight) and “Anga” (limb), referring to the eightfold path of yoga outlined in the ancient text Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. This eightfold path consists of ethical guidelines, physical postures, breath control, and meditative practices that lead to spiritual enlightenment.
Historical Roots of Ashtanga Yoga
Ashtanga Yoga is closely linked to an ancient system of yoga known as the Yoga Korunta, a manuscript that is believed to have been compiled by Vamana Rishi. Pattabhi Jois studied this text under his teacher, Krishnamacharya, and later developed the structured Ashtanga Yoga system that is widely practiced today.
Krishnamacharya, often regarded as the father of modern yoga, played a crucial role in reviving and adapting traditional yoga practices for contemporary students. His teachings laid the foundation for many modern yoga styles, including Vinyasa Yoga, Power Yoga, and of course, Ashtanga Yoga.
The Structure of Ashtanga Yoga
Ashtanga Yoga follows a set sequence of postures, divided into six series:
Primary Series (Yoga Chikitsa) – Also known as “Yoga Therapy,” this series focuses on detoxifying and aligning the body through foundational poses and vinyasas (flowing movements connected with breath).
Intermediate Series (Nadi Shodhana) – Also called “Nerve Cleansing,” this series purifies the nervous system by incorporating deeper backbends and twisting postures.
Advanced Series (Sthira Bhaga) – Meaning “Strength and Grace,” this series consists of highly advanced postures that require exceptional flexibility, strength, and balance.
Each series is practiced in a progressive manner, meaning a student must master one series before moving on to the next. The structured nature of Ashtanga Yoga distinguishes it from more flexible styles like Hatha or Vinyasa Yoga, where sequences may change from class to class.
Is Ashtanga a Part of Yoga?
The short answer is yes—Ashtanga Yoga is very much a part of yoga. It adheres to the traditional principles of yoga as outlined in the ancient texts and incorporates all eight limbs of yoga:
Yamas (Ethical Restraints) – Practitioners follow ethical guidelines such as non-violence (ahimsa) and truthfulness (satya).
Niyamas (Personal Disciplines) – These include self-discipline, cleanliness, and contentment.
Asana (Physical Postures) – The rigorous physical practice of Ashtanga involves a well-structured asana sequence.
Pranayama (Breath Control) – Breath control is integral to the practice, as each movement is synchronized with breath.
Pratyahara (Withdrawal of Senses) – Practitioners develop inner awareness by focusing on their breath and body.
Dharana (Concentration) – Drishti (gaze) is used to enhance focus and concentration.
Dhyana (Meditation) – Over time, continuous practice cultivates meditative awareness.
Samadhi (Self-Realization) – The ultimate goal of yoga, spiritual enlightenment, can be attained through persistent practice.
Given that Ashtanga Yoga incorporates all eight limbs, it is undeniably a legitimate and profound part of the yogic tradition.
How Ashtanga Yoga Differs from Other Yoga Styles
While Ashtanga is a part of the larger yoga tradition, it has some distinct characteristics that differentiate it from other styles:
Structured Sequences: Unlike Hatha or Vinyasa Yoga, where sequences vary, Ashtanga follows a fixed series of postures.
Vinyasa Flow: Ashtanga emphasizes continuous movement synchronized with breath, making it a vigorous and dynamic practice.
Self-Practice (Mysore Style): Traditionally, Ashtanga is taught in the Mysore style, where students practice independently under the guidance of an instructor rather than following a led class.
Discipline and Commitment: Ashtanga demands a high level of dedication, often requiring daily practice for mastery.
Who Can Benefit from Ashtanga Yoga?
Ashtanga Yoga is ideal for individuals who:
- Seek a physically challenging yoga practice.
- Want a structured and disciplined approach to yoga.
- Are interested in building strength, flexibility, and endurance.
- Desire a deeper spiritual connection through movement and breath.
However, due to its intensity, beginners may find Ashtanga Yoga demanding. It is advisable to start under the guidance of a qualified instructor and progress gradually.
Final Thoughts
Ashtanga Yoga is not just a physical practice but a holistic system that aligns perfectly with the traditional principles of yoga. It embraces all aspects of yoga—ethical conduct, breath control, concentration, meditation, and self-discipline—making it an integral part of the broader yoga tradition. While it differs from other styles in its structured approach, it remains deeply rooted in ancient yogic philosophy and continues to be a transformative practice for many dedicated practitioners.
So, is Ashtanga a part of yoga? Absolutely. It is one of the most authentic and profound expressions of yoga, offering a pathway to physical vitality, mental clarity, and spiritual growth.
Related topics
